A coding polymorphism (Thr300Ala) in the essential autophagy gene, autophagy related 16-
like 1 (ATG16L1), confers increased risk for the development of Crohn disease, although the …

Complex disease genetics has been revolutionised in recent years by the advent of genome-
wide association (GWA) studies. The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's …

Research on innate immune signaling and regulation has recently focused on pathogen
recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways. Members of PRRs sense …

Autophagy constitutes a mechanism for the sequestration and lysosomal degradation of
various cytoplasmic structures, including damaged organelles and invading …

The current paradigm of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), both Crohn's disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis (UC), involves the interaction between environmental factors in the …

It has been long recognized that NOD1 and NOD2 are critical players in the host immune
response, primarily by their sensing bacterial peptidoglycan‐conserved motifs. Significant …

Objective Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) appear to be important immunological
regulators of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Defective autophagy has also been …

Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of
inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation and
remission of the disease. The etiology of IBD is not fully understood. Many studies point to …

The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes remains to be fully defined. Here, we used
cellular and in vitro membrane fusion analyses to show that autophagosomes are formed …