Background Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent (chronic) pain after
surgery, a frequent and debilitating condition. Objectives To compare local anaesthetics and …

Background Various multimodal analgesic approaches have been proposed for spine
surgery. The authors evaluated the effect of using a combination of four nonopioid …

Preemptive analgesia II: recent advances and current trends Page 1 Purpose: This two-part
review summarizes the current knowledge of physiological mechanisms, pharmacological …

NSAIDs inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase enzymes, and decrease peripheral and central
prostaglandin production. In addition to reducing the inflammation that accompanies tissue …

Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of postoperative pain have led to the
development of effective perioperative analgesic regimens [1]. It is now well recognized that …

在急性疼痛治疗中, 尤其是在术后患者自控镇痛(patient controlled analgesia) 时,
超前镇痛或预先镇痈(pre-emptive analgesia) 是人们常提及的治疗方法口'2] …

Up to 80% of patients report moderate to severe pain after craniotomy. In this study, we
assessed the efficacy of scalp block for decreasing postoperative pain in brain surgery …

This study compares single-dose ibuprofen pretreatment for postoperative endodontic pain.
Thirty-nine emergent patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: placebo, ibuprofen …

Castration of male calves destined for beef production is a common livestock management
practice in the United States amounting to approximately 7 million procedures per year …

The purpose of this study was to compare a novel liposomal bupivacaine to traditional peri-
articular injection (PAI) in a multi-modal pain protocol for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A …