Long-term memory formation is a major function of sleep. Based on evidence from
neurophysiological and behavioral studies mainly in humans and rodents, we consider the …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

People recall more information after sleep than after an equally long period of wakefulness.
This sleep benefit in episodic memory has been documented in almost a century of …

Sleep is universal, tightly regulated, and many cognitive functions are impaired if we do not
sleep. But why? Why do our brains need to disconnect from the environment for hours every …

Sleep and its sub-states are assumed to be important for brain function across the lifespan
but which aspects of sleep associate with various aspects of cognition, mood and self …

Sleep is beneficial for learning. However, it remains unclear whether learning is facilitated
by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or by REM sleep, whether it results from plasticity …

Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To characterize
effects of learning and sleep loss, we quantified activity-dependent phosphorylation of …

Synaptic strength reduces during sleep, but the underlying mechanisms of this process are
unclear. This study showed reduction of synaptic proteins in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) at …

Sleep homeostasis is a complex neurobiologic phenomenon involving a number of
molecular pathways, neurotransmitter release, synaptic activity, and factors modulating …

It is commonly accepted that brain plasticity occurs in wakefulness and sleep. However, how
these different brain states work in concert to create long-lasting changes in brain circuitry is …