Pesticides are either natural or chemically synthesized compounds that are used to control a
variety of pests. These chemical compounds are used in a variety of sectors like food …

Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As
the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use.
Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem …

Photosynthesis sustains plant life on earth and is indispensable for plant growth and
development. Factors such as unfavorable environmental conditions, stress regulatory …

Plants are vulnerable to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that cause a substantial
decrease in the production of plants. Plants respond to different environmental stresses by …

Plants encounter various abiotic stresses due to their sessile nature which include heavy
metals, salt, drought, nutrient deficiency, light intensity, pesticide contamination, as well as …

Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and
ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage …

Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play
crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …