Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express
most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced …

The history of lung cancer epidemiology parallels the history of modern chronic disease
epidemiology. Although an excess of lung cancer was firstly observed among miners and …

Pesticides have been widely used to control pest and pest-related diseases in agriculture,
fishery, forestry and the food industry. In this review, we identify a number of respiratory …

Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors, encoded by a subset of homeodomain superfamily
genes, play pivotal roles in many aspects of cellular physiology, embryonic development …

More than 1000 candidate-gene association studies on genetic susceptibility to lung cancer
have been published over the last two decades but with few consensuses for the likely …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in men and the second
leading cause of cancer deaths globally. The high prevalence of HCC is due in part to the …

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified common genetic variants
at 5p15. 33, 6p21–6p22 and 15q25. 1 associated with lung cancer risk. Several other …

Lung cancer (LC) still represents one of the most common tumours in both women and men.
PET/CT is a whole-body non-invasive imaging procedure that has been increasingly used …

Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to
mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort …

Lung cancer, a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities worldwide, involves a complex
pathogenesis. Cathepsins, lysosomal cysteine proteases, play roles in various physiological …