Focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) results in necrosis at the infarct
core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the …

One of the principal functions of any epithelium in the embryonic or adult organism is to act
as a self-sealing barrier layer. From the earliest stages of development, embryonic epithelia …

The mechanisms regulating the development and function of the immune system are diverse
and complicated. The signaling pathways and target genes that become activated upon cell …

Abstract l-glutamate, the neurotransmitter of the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain,
acts on three classes of ionotropic receptors: NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate), AMPA (α-amino …

CELLS are eliminated in a variety of physiological settings by apoptosis, a genetically
encoded process of cellular suicide1, 2. Apoptosis comprises an intrinsic cellular defence …

c-Jun, a signal-transducing transcription factor of the AP-1 family, normally implicated in cell
cycle progression, differentiation and cell transformation, recently has also been linked to …

Apoptosis is a morphologically stereotyped form of cell death, prevalent in multicellular
organisms, by which single cells are deleted from the midst of living tissues. Recognition of …

Antiestrogen therapy remains one of the most widely used and effective treatments for the
management of endocrine responsive breast cancers. This reflects the ability of …

Photoreceptor cell death is the major hallmark of a group of human inherited retinal
degenerations commonly referred to as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the causative …

Factors that modify onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be revealed by comparing
environmental exposures in affected and unaffected members of discordant twin pairs or …