Background: Long-acting β-agonists may increase the risk for fatal and nonfatal asthma
exacerbations. Purpose: To assess the risk for severe, life-threatening, or fatal asthma …

Urinary retention is a condition in which impaired emptying of the bladder results in
postvoidal residual urine. It is generally classified into 'acute'or 'chronic'urinary retention …

A vast number of marketed drugs act on G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), the most
successful category of drug targets to date. These drugs usually possess high target affinity …

Vilanterol trifenatate (vilanterol) is a novel, long-acting β 2-adrenoceptor (β 2-AR) agonist
with 24 h activity. In this study, we describe the preclinical pharmacological profile of …

Studies under nonphysiological conditions suggest that long receptor residency time is
responsible for the 24-h duration of action of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation caused by persistent inflammatory processes in the airways. An increased …

BACKGROUND: Anticholinergics and β2-agonists have generally been considered
equivalent choices for bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

1 Slow receptor dissociation kinetics has been implicated in the long clinical duration of
action of the muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium. However, despite the potential …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death in the USA, and
represents a major health, social and economic burden. COPD is underdiagnosed and often …

Bronchodilators are central in the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting …