Objectives. These guidelines are based on a first edition that was published in 2004, and
have been edited and updated with the available scientific evidence up to October 2012 …

A number of effective maintenance medication options exist for bipolar disorder (BD) and
these are regarded as the foundation of long-term treatment in BD. However, nonadherence …

Bipolar disorder (BD) has traditionally been thought of as an episodic condition,
characterized by periods of hypomania/mania and depression. However, evidence is …

Objectives Recent reviews lack important information on the high costofillness worldwide
for bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed those costs …

There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the
intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased …

Background The hippocampus is one of the brain regions that is involved in several
pathophysiological theories about bipolar disorder (BD), such as the neuroinflammation …

Background To date, the lifetime prevalence of Bipolar Disorder (BD) and BD patients'
access to mental health care in England has not been systematically studied. Methods We …

Background Serious mental illness (SMI) is a set of disabling conditions associated with
poor outcomes and high healthcare utilisation. However, little is known about patterns of …

Background Inflammation has emerged as a potentially important factor–and thus putative
pharmacological target–in the pathology of bipolar disorders. However to date no systematic …

Aims Bipolar disorders are clinically complex, chronic and recurrent disorders. Few
treatment options are effective across hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed states and …