To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been
studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable …

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy in women worldwide, and drug
resistance to the available systemic therapies remains a major challenge. At the molecular …

Radiotherapy is an important component of cancer treatment, with approximately 50% of all
cancer patients receiving radiation therapy during their course of illness. Nevertheless, solid …

The ever-growing perception of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a plastic state rather than a
hardwired defined entity has evolved our understanding of the functional and biological …

Tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two major hallmarks of solid tumors.
They have long received attention for their critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis and …

Resistance to radiotherapy is a major obstacle for effective cancer treatment. Both cancer-
associated fibroblasts (CAF) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and Notch signaling …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell
communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive …

Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named
cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) also known as tumour-initiating cells contribute not only to the
onset and progression of tumor in most cancer types, but also play a definitive role in …