In China, H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has become widely prevalent in poultry, causing
huge economic losses after secondary infection with other pathogens. Importantly, H9N2 …

C-type lectins (CTLs), a superfamily of glycan-binding receptors, play a pivotal role in the
host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis of higher …

Advances in antigen targeting in veterinary medicine have gained traction over the years as
an alternative approach for diseases that remain a challenge for traditional vaccines. In …

Background Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major respiratory disease-causing
agent in birds that leads to significant losses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialised cells …

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines can be enhanced by the selective
delivery of antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study, H9N2 avian …

Avian viral diseases including avian influenza, Marek's disease and Newcastle disease are
detrimental to economies around the world that depend on the poultry trade. A significant …

Background and Objectives Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease exerting a
highly negative impact on the global poultry industry. The aim of the present study is to …

DEC-205 receptor-mediated dendritic cells (DC) targeting nanoliposomes is a promising
delivery system in eliciting an immune response against pathogens. When this delivery …

Dendritic cell (DC) targeting by DEC205+ cells effectively promotes the internalization of
antigens that may trigger a specific immune response. In this study, we evaluated the ability …

The transmission electron microscopy revealed a dendritic cell in the medulla of the chicken
bursal follicle. This dendritic cell has a classical secretory machinery; therefore, it has been …