Abstract β-Glucans are a class of polysaccharides consisting of D-glucose units that are
polymerized primarily via the β-1, 3 glycosidic bonds, in addition to the β-1, 4 and/or β-1, 6 …

In addition to their effects on sexual differentiation and reproduction, sex hormones appear
to influence the immune system. This results in a sexual dimorphism in the immune …

Immunosenescence is the state of dysregulated immune function that contributes to the
increased susceptibility to infection of the elderly. Extensive studies of inbred laboratory …

Previous studies have documented that the ability to heal wounds declines with age.
Although many factors contribute to this age-associated deficit, one variable that has not …

Innate and adaptive immune functions decline with age, leading to increased susceptibility
to infectious diseases and cancer, and reduced responses to preventive vaccination in the …

Declines in immune function are well described in the elderly and are considered to
contribute significantly to the disease burden in this population. Regulatory T cells (T regs), a …

Aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, is a complex subject best defined as a
decline in cell-mediated immunity, particularly with respect to T cell function. Paradoxically …

Vaccines have been used to prevent and eradicate different diseases for over 200 years,
and new vaccine technologies have the potential to prevent many common illnesses …

Immune function in the elderly is associated with a number of phenotypic and functional
abnormalities, and this phenomenon of immune senescence is associated with increased …

Functional analyses of changes in the immune response indicate that aging is associated
with a decline of adaptive immunity whereas innate immunity is ramped up. Gene …