The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed dramatically during
this millennium. Infection rates have increased markedly in most countries with detailed …

Because of mutations in this opportunistic pathogen, infections with C. difficile have become
both more prevalent and more virulent. This article summarizes recent changes in the …

Abstract Epidemic C. difficile (027/BI/NAP1) has rapidly emerged in the past decade as the
leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. However, the key events in …

Background Clostridium difficile infection is a serious diarrheal illness associated with
substantial morbidity and mortality. Patients generally have a response to oral vancomycin …

The clinical spectrum of Clostridium difficile‐associated disease (CDAD) ranges from
diarrhoea to severe life‐threatening pseudomembranous colitis. Although not always …

There has been a startling shift in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection over the
last decade worldwide, and it is now increasingly recognized as a cause of diarrhea in the …

Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic toxigenic bacterium, causes a severe infectious colitis that
leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both enhanced bacterial toxins and …

Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy
target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB …

Background The continued rise of Clostridium difficile infections worldwide has been
accompanied by the rapid emergence of a highly virulent clone designated PCR-ribotype …

Clostridioides difficile remains an important public health threat, globally. Since the
emergence of the hypervirulent strain, ribotype 027, new strains have been reported to …