Arsenic is a metalloid that occurs naturally in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The high
toxicity of arsenic derivatives converts this element in a serious problem of public health …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are complex bacterial structures that provide gram-
negative pathogens with a unique virulence mechanism enabling them to inject bacterial …

A type III secretion system (TTSS) is encoded on a virulence plasmid that is common to three
pathogenic Yersinia species: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis …

Natural killer (NK) cells were first described as immune leukocytes that could kill tumor cells
and soon after were reported to kill virus-infected cells. In the mid-1980s, 10 years after their …

Beyond the innate response that is elicited when tissues are infected, bacterial pathogens
have evolved strategies to subvert the immune response and" recalibrate" it both …

Type III secretion (T3S) systems are widespread among Gram‐negative bacteria pathogenic
for animals and plants, including Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp …

The human pathogens Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica cause
enterocolitis, while Yersinia pestis is responsible for pneumonic, bubonic, and septicaemic …

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus used by many Gram-negative
pathogenic bacteria to cause infections. Pathogens utilizing a T3SS are responsible for …

Yersinia pestis causes bubonic plague, characterized by an enlarged, painful lymph node,
termed a bubo, that develops after bacterial dissemination from a fleabite site. In susceptible …

Inhalation of Yersinia pestis bacilli causes pneumonic plague, a rapidly progressing and
exceptionally virulent disease. Extensively antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains exist and we …