Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) continues to be a challenging problem for clinicians
despite advances in both obstetric and neonatal care. IUGR is defined as a rate of fetal …

Leptin originates in adipocytes, including those in bone marrow, and circulates in
concentrations 20 to 90 times higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has direct …

Reliable prediction of IUGR may be achieved by combining clinical risk factors with Doppler
abnormalities, fetal growth, and biomarkers. If this can be achieved, there is potential to …

Leptin influences satiety, adiposity, and metabolism and is associated with mechanisms
regulating puberty onset, fertility, and pregnancy in various species. Maternal …

Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic. Early identification of high-risk groups will allow
for the development of prevention strategies. Cord blood adipocytokines have been …

Although the demand for additional calcium during pregnancy is recognized, the dietary
reference intake for calcium was lowered for pregnant women in 1997 to amounts …

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the risk of developing osteoporosis is accrued
throughout the entire lifecourse, even from as early as conception. Thus early growth is …

Metabolic programming and metabolic imprinting describe early life events, which impact
upon on later physiological outcomes. Despite the increasing numbers of papers and …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the failure of the fetus to achieve his/her intrinsic
growth potential, due to anatomical and/or functional disorders and diseases in the feto …

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem due to consequent fragility fractures; data
from the UK suggest that up to 50% of women and 20% men aged 50 years will have an …