Background Many common environmental chemicals are mammary gland carcinogens in
animal studies, activate relevant hormonal pathways, or enhance mammary gland …

Background: The epidemiological literature of associations between atmospheric pollutant
exposure and breast cancer incidence has recently strongly evolved. Objectives: We aimed …

Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution
and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Objective: We examined the association between long …

In the United States, breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and the second
most common cause of death from cancer in women. Reproductive factors, estrogen, and …

Background Only about 30% of cases of breast cancer can be explained by accepted risk
factors. Occupational studies have shown associations between the incidence of breast …

Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals and carcinogens, some of which may not yet
have been classified as such, are present in many occupational environments and could …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. However, only 58%
of cases have been associated with known risk factors (reproductive, hormonal, lifestyles …

Gender continues to be a relatively marginal issue in environmental justice debates and yet
it remains an important aspect of injustice. To help redress the balance, this article explores …

Background There is scant information as to whether traffic-related air pollution is associated
with the incidence of breast cancer. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and ultrafine particles (UFPs,< …

While it is generally known that the risk of several cancers in humans is higher in urban
areas compared with rural areas, cancer is often deemed a problem of human societies with …