Rapid developments in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering has witnessed an
increasing drive toward clinical translation of breakthrough technologies. However, the …

Consumption of animal products such as meat, milk, and eggs in first-world countries has
leveled off, but it is rising precipitously in developing countries. Agriculture will have to …

The measurement of pain in animals is surprisingly complex, and remains a critical issue in
veterinary care and biomedical research. Based on the known utility of pain measurement …

The craniofacial region contains skin, bones, cartilage, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ),
teeth, periodontal tissues, mucosa, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels …

Simple Summary Scientific interest in animal welfare was initially driven by popular
emotional, ethics and political concerns. It has now become an important societal question …

Pain compromises the welfare of animals. A prerequisite for being able to alleviate pain is
that we are able to recognize it. Potential behavioural signs of pain were investigated for …

Facial expressions in non-human animals are closely linked to their internal affective states,
with the majority of empirical work focusing on facial shape changes associated with pain …

Although previous studies of horses have investigated their facial expressions in specific
contexts, eg pain, until now there has been no methodology available that documents all the …

There is evidence that more than 47% of the sports horse population in normal work may be
lame, but the lameness is not recognized by owners or trainers. An alternative means of …

Grimace scales quantify characteristic facial expressions associated with spontaneous pain
in rodents and other mammals. However, these scales have not been widely adopted …