Dopamine is a small and relatively simple molecule that fulfills diverse functions. Within the
brain, it acts as a classical neurotransmitter whose attenuation or overactivity can result in …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

Rationale and objectives: Repeated exposure to many drugs of abuse results in a
progressive and enduring enhancement in the motor stimulant effect elicited by a …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

The dopaminergic system plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system via its five
diverse receptors (D1–D5). Dysfunction of dopaminergic system is implicated in many …

The cDNA for the dopamine D3 receptor was isolated and characterized in 1990.
Subsequent studies have indicated that D3 receptors, as well as D3 receptor mRNA, are …

▪ Abstract Dopaminergic receptors are widespread throughout the central and peripheral
nervous systems, where they regulate a variety of physiological, behavioral, and endocrine …

An increase of extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration is a major neurobiological
substrate of the addictive properties of drugs of abuse. In this article we investigated the …

The stimulation of dopamine receptors via an increased concentration of synaptic dopamine
levels in the mesocorticolimbic regions of the brain has been defined as the primary …

A multitude of mechanisms are involved in the control of emotion and in the response to
stress. These incorporate mediators/targets as diverse as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) …