During visceral leishmaniasis, the control of hepatic parasite burden is mainly due to
granuloma assembly in a microenvironment consisting of both Th1 and Th2 components …

Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania donovani, L. infantum (syn. Leishmania
chagasi), is a globally widespread disease with a burden of about 400,000 new infections …

Several intracellular pathogens arrest the phagosome maturation in the host cells to avoid
transport to lysosomes. In contrast, the Leishmania containing parasitophorous vacuole (PV) …

The interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), ubiquitously expressed on both innate and
adaptive immune cells, controls the signaling of archetypal type 2 immune regulators; IL-4 …

Background Miltefosine (MIL) is currently the only oral drug available to treat visceral
leishmaniasis but its use as first-line monotherapy has been compromised by an increasing …

Leishmania donovani (LD), the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), extracts
membrane cholesterol from macrophages and disrupts lipid rafts, leading to their inability to …

Background In an endeavor to find an orally active and affordable antileishmanial drug, we
tested the efficacy of a cationic amphiphilic drug, imipramine, commonly used for the …

Parasitic diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide, and most of them are
chronic conditions in which the treatment and prevention are difficult. The appearance of …

Host arginase 1 (arg1) expression is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of
progressive visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected tropical disease caused by the …

Immunity to pathogens requires generation of effective innate and adaptive immune
responses. Leishmania donovani evades these host defense mechanisms to survive and …