The serotonergic system extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the CNS, serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) modulates a …

Newer generation antidepressant drugs (ADs) are widely used as the first line of treatment
for major depressive disorders and are considered to be safer than tricyclic agents. In this …

Abstract Using Richardson and Davidson's model and the sciences of pharmacokinetics and
clinical pharmacopsychology, this article reviewed the:(1) poor life expectancy associated …

Studies on psychotropic medications decrease, discontinuation, or switch have uncovered
withdrawal syndromes. The present overview aimed at analyzing the literature to illustrate …

Psychosomatic research has advanced over the past decades in dealing with complex
biopsychosocial phenomena and may provide new effective modalities of patient care …

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used in medical
practice. They have been associated with a broad range of symptoms, whose clinical …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly disabling and typically runs a recurrent course.
Knowledge about prevention of relapse and recurrence is crucial to the long-term welfare of …

Background: Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) are widely used in medical
practice. Their discontinuation has been associated with a wide range of symptoms. The aim …

Introduction: Esketamine nasal spray received approval for treatment-resistant depression in
March 2019. Objective: Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database …

Background: Due to the clinical challenges of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), we
evaluated the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) relative to a …