During host colonization, plant-associated microbes, including fungi and oomycetes, deliver
a collection of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) to their cell surfaces and surrounding …

Fungal pathogens can secrete hundreds of effectors, some of which are known to promote
host susceptibility. This biological complexity, together with the lack of genetic tools in some …

Plants have benefited from interactions with symbionts for coping with challenging
environments since the colonisation of land. The mechanisms of symbiont-mediated …

Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a large arsenal of effector molecules, including
proteinaceous effectors, small RNAs, phytohormones and derivatives thereof. The …

Plants are resistant to most microbial species due to nonhost resistance (NHR), providing
broad-spectrum and durable immunity. However, the molecular components contributing to …

Filamentous (oomycete and fungal) plant pathogens deliver cytoplasmic effector proteins
into host cells to facilitate disease. How RXLR effectors from the potato late blight pathogen …

Plants and microbes (mycorrhizal fungi to be precise) have evolved together over the past
millions of years into an association that is mutualist. The plants supply the fungi with …

Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil‐borne pathogen that enters hosts through the roots
and proliferates in the plant water‐conducting elements to cause Verticillium wilt …

As the gall-inducing smut fungus Ustilago maydis colonizes maize (Zea mays) plants, it
secretes a complex effector blend that suppresses host defense responses, including …

To successfully infect plants, pathogens secrete effector proteins to the plant apoplast or
inside plant cells, where they suppress plant immunity or interfere with other cellular …