The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) has increased over the past few decades.
Vitamin D deficiency is a common factor in many of these diseases, whose etiology remains …

Immune‐mediated inner ear disease can be primary, when the autoimmune response is
against the inner ear, or secondary. The latter is characterized by the involvement of the ear …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or sicca syndrome was described by Swedish ophthalmologist
Sjögren in the year 1933 for the first time. The etiology of the SS is multifunctional and …

Air–bone gaps (ABGs) are commonly found in patients with conductive or mixed hearing
loss generally due to outer-and/or middle-ear diseases such as otitis externa, tympanic …

The role of the immune system in mediating cochleovestibular pathologies has received
increasing attention in recent years. Autoimmune vertigo may be an invalidating condition …

Purpose Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has similarities to conditions with
vascular etiologies such as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. Thus, it could be …

Detailed post-mortem investigations including the auditory pathway are needed to advance
our understanding of how underwater noise and other stressors affect hearing in cetaceans …

The inner ear is a complex and difficult organ to study, and sensorineural hearing loss
(SNHL) is a multifactorial sensorineural disorder with characteristics of impaired speech …

Ménière disease (MD), an idiopathic disorder of sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo,
shares many similarities with two common skin conditions, atopic dermatitis (AD) and vitiligo …

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare clinical entity. Its pathogenicity,
heterogenous clinical presentation in the context of secondary systemic autoimmune …