Metastatic cancer cells can develop anoikis resistance in the absence of substrate
attachment and survive to fight tumors. Anoikis is mediated by endogenous mitochondria …

Introduction: The Fas/FasL system plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. Research has
shown that its impairment in cancer cells may lead to apoptosis resistance and contribute to …

Tumors escape from immune surveillance by producing the immunosuppressive cytokine
TGF-β. However, the mechanism by which TGF-β inhibits T cell-mediated tumor clearance in …

Certain bispecific single-chain antibody constructs exhibit an extraordinary potency for
polyclonal T cell engagement and target cell lysis. Here we studied the structural basis for …

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains
enigmatic. Accumulating evidence has shown that the apoptotic machinery is regulated by …

Targeted induction of programmed cell death or apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic
pathway represents an unexploited therapeutic strategy to destroy cancer cells. The …

Inflammation has been increasingly recognized to play an important role in the
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Using immunocytochemistry and electron …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either bone marrow (BMSCs) or placenta
(PMSCs) have the capacity to suppress immune responses to mitogenic and allogeneic …

Cytokines are key players in stimulating and regulating immune responses in physiological
and pathophysiological processes. Various cytokines have been approved for therapy of …

Glaucoma, the most frequent optic neuropathy, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs in all forms of glaucoma and accounts for the …