Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor
promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex
network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form …

Nanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy has attracted widespread attention in recent years.
However, its therapeutic outcomes are diminished by many factors in the tumor …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are some of the most abundant immune cells within
tumors and perform a broad repertoire of functions via diverse phenotypes. On the basis of …

Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have existed for decades. From the initial infusion of tumor-
infiltrating lymphocytes to the subsequent specific enhanced T cell receptor (TCR)-T and …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment
for hematological tumors, but the treatment of solid tumors still lacks effectiveness. In the …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with clinical outcome. However,
immunohistochemistry-based analysis of tumor infiltrates can be misleading as the …

Immunotherapies that harness the activity of the immune system against tumors are proving
to be an effective therapeutic approach in multiple malignancies. Indeed, through …

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women of Western countries and is
the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The breast tumor microenvironment contains …