BACKGROUND Although laboratory procedures, along with culture media formulations,
have improved over the past two decades, the issue remains that human IVF is performed in …

Oxidative stress is involved in the aetiology of defective embryo development. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) may originate from embryo metabolism and/or embryo surroundings …

One-cell CF-1× B 6 SJLF 1/J embryos, which usually exhibit a 2-cell block to development in
vitro, have been cultured to the blastocyst stage using CZB medium and a glucose washing …

BACKGROUND Despite advances in ART, implantation and pregnancy rates per embryo
transfer still remain low. IVF laboratories strive to ensure that the process of handling …

In human in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer, the in-vitro culture environment differs
from in-vivo conditions in that the oxygen concentration is higher, and in such conditions the …

OBJECTIVE: The manipulation of gametes and embryos in an in vitro environment when
performing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) carries the risk of exposure of these cells …

Many factors affect development of mammalian preimplantation embryos in vitro. It is well
known that in vitro development of bovine embryos is highly affected by culture condition …

The placenta provides critical transport functions between the maternal and fetal circulations
during intrauterine development. Formation of this interface relies on coordinated …

Human reproduction is not considered a highly efficient biological process. Before the end of
the first trimester, 30%–50% of conceptions end in spontaneous abortion. Most losses occur …

The presence of two active X chromosomes (XaXa) is a hallmark of the ground state of
pluripotency specific to murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Human ESCs (hESCs) …