The importance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is multifaceted, encompassing both clinical
and quality‐of‐life improvements and cost‐effectiveness in the long term. Key mechanisms …

Introduction Allergy, the immunological hypersensitivity to innocuous environmental
compounds, is a global health problem. The disease triggers, allergens, are mostly proteins …

Allergic rhinitis is caused by a breakdown of the Th1/Th2 balance, in which the allergen-
induced Th2 immune response predominates over the Th1 immune response, culminating …

Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy among infants. Improved hygiene conditions
and loss of microbial diversity are associated with increased risk of allergy development …

Background Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for children with
allergic rhinitis (AR), but its efficacy fluctuates among patients. There are no reliable …

Adoptive cell therapy by natural cells for drug delivery has achieved encouraging progress
in cancer treatment over small‐molecule drugs. Macrophages have a great potential in …

Background: Probiotics may facilitate the clinical management of allergic diseases.
However, their effects on allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unclear. We examined the efficacy and …

Simple Summary The immune system plays an important role in the skeletal system during
bone repair and regeneration, especially in the oral environment with its constant host …

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), as an effective adjuvant or immunopotentiator, activate
the immune system and induce various immune responses. Recently, it has also been …

Simple Summary Severe equine asthma is the most common globally widespread non-
infectious equine respiratory disease (together with its mild and moderate form), which is …