The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a
chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be …

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone classically involved in the calcium metabolism and bone
homeostasis. Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been …

Poor vitamin D status is a global health problem; insufficiency underpins higher risk of
cancer, neurocognitive decline and all-cause mortality. Most foods contain little vitamin D …

4. Stölzel U, Köstler E, Schuppan D, et al. Hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations and
response of chloroquine in porphyria cutanea tarda. Arch Dermatol. 2003; 139: 309-313. 5 …

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is primarily recognized for its detrimental effects such as
cancerogenesis, skin aging, eye damage, and autoimmune disorders. With exception of …

The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, is exposed to the environment and
suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. The skin aging process is …

Vitamin D shows a variety of pleiotropic activities which cannot be fully explained by the
stimulation of classic pathway-and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent transcriptional …

Metabolism has been studied mainly in cultured cells or at the level of whole tissues or
whole organisms in vivo. Consequently, our understanding of metabolic heterogeneity …

The active metabolites of vitamin D3 (D3) and lumisterol (L3) exert a variety of antiaging and
photoprotective effects on the skin. These are achieved through immunomodulation and …

Background Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for
the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID‐19. Hence, we …