Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-
mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast–osteoblast balance results in strict …

Bone remodeling in the adult skeleton facilitates the removal and replacement of damaged
and old bone to maintain bone quality. Tight coordination of bone resorption and bone …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) curb important biological functions. We previously disclosed that
ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) induces increased release of EVs (IR‐EVs) in the heart. However …

The mammalian skeleton is a metabolically active organ that continuously undergoes bone
remodeling, a process of tightly coupled bone resorption and formation throughout life …

Osteonecrosis occurs when, under continuous stimulation by adverse factors such as
glucocorticoids or alcohol, the death of local bone and marrow cells leads to abnormal …

Bone homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium state of bone formation and absorption,
ensuring skeletal development and repair. Bone immunity encompasses all aspects of the …

Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and
heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and …

Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease affecting
young adults, resulting in significant pain, articular surface collapse, and disabling …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest type of stroke. Oxidative stress was
considered to play an important role in ICH-induced secondary injury. Crocin, the main …

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a disabling disease
with high mortality in China but the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to …