Chloroplasts overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under unfavorable environmental
conditions, and these ROS are implicated in both signaling and oxidative damage. There is …

Increased temperatures caused by global warming threaten agricultural production, as
warmer conditions can inhibit plant growth and development or even destroy crops in …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) signalling are interconnected in the
perception and transmission of environmental signals that control plant growth, development …

Chloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and
sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)–the byproducts of aerobic metabolism–influence numerous
aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act …

Current technologies have changed biology into a data-intensive field and significantly
increased our understanding of signal transduction pathways in plants. However, global …

The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during
biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process …

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many
countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

In plants, carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection. However,
carotenoids are not the end products of the pathway; apocarotenoids are produced by …