The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Photobiomodulation also known as low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), has been known
for almost 50 years but still has not gained widespread acceptance, largely due to …

Background Emergence of new variants mainly variants of concerns (VOC) is caused by
mutations in main structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, maintain homeostasis and sense pathological changes
by continuously surveying the parenchyma with highly motile large processes. Here, we …

Myelinated nerve fibers are essential for the rapid propagation of action potentials by
saltatory conduction. They form as the result of reciprocal interactions between axons and …

Cellular responses to environmental cues involve the mobilization of GTPases, protein
kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases. The spatial organization of these signalling …

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that is encoded in the proglucagon gene. It is
mainly produced in enteroendocrine L cells of the gut and is secreted into the blood stream …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular complex that acts as a molecular platform to
mediate caspase-1 activation, leading to IL-1β/IL-18 maturation and release in cells …