Hominoids diverged from cercopithecoids during the Oligocene in Afro-Arabia, initially
radiating in that continent and subsequently dispersing into Eurasia. From the Late Miocene …

Postcranial bones may provide valuable information about fossil taxa relating to their
locomotor habits, manipulative abilities and body sizes. Distinctive features of the …

The vertebrate lineages that would shape Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems
originated across Triassic Pangaea,,,,,,,,,–. By the Late Triassic (Carnian stage,~ 235 million …

Bats are among the most recognizable, numerous, and widespread of all mammals. But
much of their fossil record is missing, and bat origins remain poorly understood, as do the …

Logical character dependency is a major conceptual and methodological problem in
phylogenetic inference of morphological data sets, as it violates the assumption of character …

Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Folivora) have been extensively studied in the
past few decades using maximum parsimony approaches. Recently, Bayesian phylogenetic …

Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil
record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear …

There have been multiple published phylogenetic analyses of platyrrhine primates (New
World monkeys) using both morphological and molecular data, but relatively few that have …

Fossils are essential to infer past evolutionary processes. The assignment of fossils to extant
clades has traditionally relied on morphological similarity and on apomorphies shared with …

Divergence times based on molecular clock analyses often differ from those derived from
total‐evidence dating (TED) approaches. For bryophytes, fossils have been excluded from …