It has long been appreciated that the experience of pain is highly variable between
individuals. Pain results from activation of sensory receptors specialized to detect actual or …

We review many of the recent findings concerning mechanisms and pathways for pain and
its modulation, emphasizing sensitization and the modulation of nociceptors and of dorsal …

Pontospinal noradrenergic neurons are thought to form part of a descending endogenous
analgesic system that exerts inhibitory influences on spinal nociception. Using optogenetic …

Recent studies indicate that persistent pain after tissue or nerve injury is accompanied by an
enhanced net descending facilitatory drive that contributes to an amplification and spread of …

Thanks largely to the study of the brainstem nuclei that mediate stimulation analgesia, the
involvement of the monoamines in the descending control of pain is now well established …

Decades of research have suggested that stimulation of supraspinal structures, such as the
periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), inhibits nocifensive …

The supraspinal descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) shapes pain perception via
monoaminergic modulation of sensory information in the spinal cord. However, the role and …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) exerts bidirectional descending modulation of pain
attributable to the activity of electrophysiologically identified pronociceptive ON and …

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cannabinoids produce antinociception
spinal and supraspinal sites of action. The antinociceptive effect of delta 9 …

The descending pain inhibitory system (DPIS) associated with acupuncture analgesia (AA),
caused by low frequency stimulation of an acupuncture point, was identified by the results of …