The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that
signal through cell surface G protein‐coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are …

As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides
both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a …

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the
growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Although the etiology of …

The CXC chemokine CXCL12 is an important factor in physiological and pathological
processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and inflammation …

Background Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP).
Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes …

The chemokine superfamily consists of a large number of ligands and receptors. At first
glance, this family appears redundant and their ligand-receptor relationships promiscuous …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …

INTRODUCTION Influenza virus infects the epithelial cells that line the respiratory tract.
Therefore, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells must traffic to this site to eliminate infected cells. The …

Single agent checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been effective for most gastrointestinal
solid tumors, but combination therapy with drugs targeting additional immunosuppressive …

Introduction Embryogenesis is thought to be directed by a small number of signaling
pathways with most if not all embryonic signals having been identified. However, the …