Startle is a fast response to sudden, intense stimuli and probably protects the organism from
injury by a predator or by a blow. The acoustic startle response (ASR) of mammals is …

Rationale: Sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex can be assessed across species, using
similar stimuli to elicit similar responses. Prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of …

Introduction Under specific conditions, a weak lead stimulus, or “prepulse”, can inhibit the
startling effects of a subsequent intense abrupt stimulus. This startle-inhibiting effect of the …

This review describes the neuronal mechanisms underlying the mediation and modulation
of the acoustic startle response (ASR) in rats. The combination of anatomical, physiological …

The study describes a novel method for tinnitus screening in rats by use of gap detection
reflex procedures. The authors hypothesized that if a background acoustic signal was …

Orienting is the gateway to attention, the first step in processing stimulus information. This
volume examines these initial stages of information intake, focusing on the sensory and …

Rationale: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex occurs when brief, non-startling
tactile, acoustic or visual stimuli are presented 20–500 ms before the startling stimulus …

proposed a primary acoustic startle circuit in rats consisting of the auditory nerve,
posteroventral cochlear nucleus, an area near the ventrolateral lemniscus (VLL), nucleus …

Sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex can be studied in humans and laboratory animals
using measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. PPI is reduced in patients …

Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk for the offspring to develop
schizophrenia. Gender differences can be seen in various features of the illness and sex …