Introduction Human activity in wilderness areas has the potential to affect aquatic
ecosystems, including through the introduction of microorganisms associated with fecal …

Small water supply systems (SWSSs) are often more vulnerable to waterborne disease
outbreaks. In Japan, many SWSSs operate without regulation under the Waterworks Law …

This chapter first defines some of the different disciplines of skiing (alpine, Nordic, telemark,
ski mountaineering), snowboarding, and snowshoeing. It then examines snow sport …

This chapter first defines camping and presents a camping spectrum which ranges from
survival camping to trailer tents, caravans, and motorhomes. It then discusses snow caves …

• Academic literature: Published journal articles obtained through systematic searches of
literature (including a Boolean search and then more specific searches to address specific …

English Faecal coliform, enterococci and spores of sulphide-reducing bacteria have been
widely used as indicators of faecal pollution. However, the persistence of these bacterial …

Wilderness water sources are often defined as pristine or high quality due to the lack of point
source pollution. Non-point source pollution from recreation to water resources can be …

East Africa is an umbrella term that covers an incredible array of different countries,
landscapes, cultures and ecosystems. Adventure tourism activities range from a hot-air …