It has been 40 years since the first human-to-human heart transplant performed in South
Africa by Christiaan Barnard in December 1967. This achievement did not come as a …

Since the first heart transplantation (HT) in 1967, survival has steadily improved. Issues
related to over-and under-immunosuppression are, however, still common following HT …

CHAIR: Costanzo MR: Midwest Heart Foundation, Lombard Illinois, USA TASK FORCE 1:
Dipchand A: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Ontario, Canada; Starling R: Cleveland …

BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is primarily immune-mediated. We
investigated the role of cellular rejection in CAV development. METHODS: The study …

Background. Simultaneous combined orthotopic heart and liver transplantation (CHLTx)
remains a lifesaving procedure for the patients suffering from coincident end-stage heart and …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in
multiple cellular functions, such as cell metabolism, proliferation and survival. Many previous …

Massive urinary protein excretion has been observed after conversion from calcineurin
inhibitors to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, especially sirolimus, in renal …

Drug-induced hyperuricemia and gout present an increasingly prevalent problem in clinical
practice. Herein, we review the urate-lowering or urate-raising effects of commonly used …

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are macrocyclic lactone antibiotics
derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that prevent T lymphocyte activation and B cell …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors sirolimus and everolimus are
increasingly used in cardiothoracic transplantation. Several recent clinical trials have …