Protease inhibitors are among the most powerful antiviral drugs. Nirmatrelvir is the first
protease inhibitor specifically developed against the SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CLpro that has …

Neutralizing antibodies can block infection, clear pathogens, and are essential to provide
long-term immunity. Since the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies …

Summary The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant rose to dominance in mid-2021, likely propelled by
an estimated 40%–80% increased transmissibility over Alpha. To investigate if this …

A major challenge in understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution is interpreting the antigenic and
functional effects of emerging mutations in the viral spike protein. Here, we describe a deep …

The Omicron BA. 1 variant emerged in late 2021 and quickly spread across the world.
Compared to the earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA. 1 has many mutations, some of which …

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies play a critical role in COVID-19 prevention and
treatment but are challenged by viral evolution and the emergence of novel escape variants …

The identification of the conserved and variable regions in the multiple sequence alignment
(MSA) is critical to accelerating the process of understanding the function of genes. MSA …

In late 2023, several SARS-CoV-2 XBB descendants, notably EG. 5.1, were predominant
worldwide. However, a distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineage, the BA. 2.86 variant, also emerged …

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 recently swept the globe and showed high level of
immune evasion. Here, we generate an Omicron-specific lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA …

Background Emergence of new variants mainly variants of concerns (VOC) is caused by
mutations in main structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …