The gene encoding the secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the
polarizing region (or zone of polarizing activity), a small group of mesenchyme cells at the …

T-box transcription factors containing the common DNA-binding domain T-box contribute to
the organization of multiple tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. In mammals, 17 T-box …

We present a broadly applicable procedure for whole‐mount imaging of antibody probes in
embryonic tissues at microscopic resolutions based on combining a metal‐based …

The chick embryo has a long history in investigations of vertebrate limb development
because of the ease with which its limbs can be experimentally manipulated. Early studies …

Comparative anatomy and physiology are disciplines related to structures and mechanisms
in three-dimensional (3D) space. For the past centuries, scientific reports in these fields have …

The vertebrate limb represents one of the oldest and most studied models in developmental
and regenerative biology. Starting with classical experimental embryology and regenerative …

A gradient of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a major role in specifying the antero‐posterior
pattern of structures that develop in the distal part of the vertebrate limb, in particular, the …

An intrinsic timing mechanism specifies the positional values of the zeugopod (ie
radius/ulna) and then autopod (ie wrist/digits) segments during limb development. Here, we …

The developing limbs of chicken embryos have served as pioneering models for
understanding pattern formation for over a century. The ease with which chick wing and leg …

Background The forelimb of the flightless emu is a vestigial structure, with greatly reduced
wing elements and digit loss. To explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated …