Abstract The KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling pathway plays a central role in mediating the
adaptive cellular stress response to oxidative and electrophilic chemicals. This canonical …

Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the
degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of …

Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which in turn binds cis-acting
antioxidant response element (ARE) enhancers and induces expression of protective …

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are the key pigments of life on earth as we know it,
because they include chlorophyll (a magnesium‐containing metalloporphyrin) and heme …

Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme,
siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range …

Heme is an essential molecule in aerobic organisms. Heme consists of protoporphyrin IX
and a ferrous (Fe2+) iron atom, which has high affinity for oxygen (O2). Hemoglobin, the …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) directly induces oxidative stress and liver injury. Bach1, a basic
leucine zipper mammalian transcriptional repressor, negatively regulates heme oxygenase …

Cells in vivo are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated
endogenously and exogenously. To defend against the deleterious consequences of ROS …

Hemeoxygenase (HO) system is responsible for cellular heme degradation to biliverdin,
iron, and carbon monoxide. Two isoforms have been reported to date. Homologous HO‐1 …

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant-responsive element-mediated induction
of cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to …