The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier and a functional gatekeeper for the
central nervous system (CNS), essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. The BBB is …

Depression is a heterogeneous mental disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and
loss of interest that render the subject unable to handle basic daily activities such as …

Background The immune system has major roles in the brain and related psychopathology.
Disrupted interleukin-6 secretion and aberrant amygdala emotional reactivity are well …

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a major factor in the multidrug resistance phenotype in cancer cells.
P-gp is a protein that regulates the ATP-dependent efflux of a wide range of anticancer …

Objective Many neurological manifestations are associated with COVID‐19, including a
distinct form of encephalopathy related to cytokine storm, the acute systemic inflammatory …

Background Several studies have linked gut microbiota to human brain activity. This study
used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between gut …

Background: Probiotics have been reported to ameliorate cognitive impairment. Objective:
We investigated the effect of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (A1) in …

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities
detected during the perioperative periods, including preexisting cognitive impairment …

Although myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has a specific and
distinctive profile of clinical features, the disease remains an enigma because causal …

Postoperative neurological disorders, including postoperative delirium (POD), postoperative
cognitive dysfunction (POCD), postoperative covert ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic …