Animal personalities represent repeatable behavioral differences exhibited by individuals in
a population. Variation in personality traits across individuals is an increasingly recognized …

An animal's susceptibility to risk may be partly dependent on its body size. But are larger
individuals bolder? We assessed this question by measuring time to emerge from a shelter …

Natural selection often results in profound differences in body shape among populations
from divergent selective environments. Predation is a well-studied driver of divergence, with …

Heterogeneity in the environment favours foragers that are flexible (phenotypically plastic).
However, consistent individual differences in behaviour (personality), such as in risk‐taking …

The development of anxiety disorders is often linked to individuals' negative experience. In
many animals, development of anxiety‐like behavior is modeled by manipulating …

In many species, males tend to have lower parental investment than females and greater
variance in their reproductive success. Males might therefore be expected to adopt more …

Renewable energy projects such as hydropower facilities contribute towards meeting the
worlds growing energy demands and urgent need for mitigating climate change. However …

Habituation to nonlethal predation stimuli may provide benefits for animals living in areas
with frequent encounters with low-risk predators. On the other hand, individuals can be very …

Wild animals show consistent individual variation in behavior across time and/or contexts,
now referred to as animal personality. While this variability may have important ecological …

A central simplifying assumption in evolutionary behavioral ecology has been that optimal
behavior is unaffected by genetic or proximate constraints. Observations and experiments …