In this paper, an experimental approach was used to test for the parallel effects of
temperature (T) increase on the antipredator behaviour and the cholinergic expression in …

Behaviours are highly plastic phenotypic traits whose variation depends on the short-term
response to external stimuli (contextual plasticity) and on the long-term response to past …

To test how body size might influence lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens anti‐predator
behaviour, asymmetrically body‐size‐matched individuals were exposed to conspecific …

Invasive species may differ from native species in terms of behavioural responses to the
stress of encountering a novel environment. Learning about the nature of these differences …

Optimal life-history strategies are currently considered to be a major driving force for the
maintenance of animal personalities. In this experimental study we tested whether naturally …

The shy-bold behavioral continuum is an element of animal behavior which is often studied
for its ecological relevance, particularly in the context of predation risk. How individuals …

Boldness and risk‐taking behaviours in animals are important traits to obtain advantages
such as habitation, food resources, reproductive success and social dominance. Risk‐taking …

The two sexes of a species often differ in many ways. How sexes differ depends on the
selective context, with females often investing more in reproductive output and males in …

Consistent individual differences in the tendency to accept risk have been demonstrated in
invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals, including humans. These individual differences …

Variation among individuals in the expression of behaviors and associations of behaviors in
different contexts can lead to the maintenance of behavioral polymorphisms. Individual …