High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein, released passively by necrotic
tissues or secreted actively by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 is a typical damage …

Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide are the most significant active ingredients of Tripterygium
wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). In 2007, the 'Cell'journal ranked celastrol, triptolide, artemisinin …

The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of
intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has …

Background Celastrol (cel) was one of the earliest isolated and identified chemical
constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Based on a cel probe (cel-p) that maintained …

There are rarely new therapeutic breakthroughs present for neurodegenerative diseases in
the last decades. Thus, new effective drugs are urgently needed for millions of patients with …

The central nervous system (CNS) is a vital part of the human nervous system, and the
incidence of CNS disease is increasing year by year, which has become a major public …

Dear Editor, Readers are aware of the global emergency caused by the novel coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) infection that results in COVID-19. With high rate of transmission …

Inflammatory pain is induced by trauma, infection, chemical stimulation, etc. It causes severe
physical and psychological agony to patients. Celastrol has powerful anti-inflammatory …

High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, once released to the extracellular
space, facilitates pain signals as well as inflammation. Intraplantar or intraspinal application …

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a strong inflammatory response mediating by
NLRP3 inflammasome which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. The key players in this …