Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis have a molecularly identified genetic cause for the
premature closure of their cranial sutures and associated facial and extra-cranial features …

Craniosynostosis, a premature fusion of cranial sutures that can be isolated or syndromic, is
a congenital defect with a broad, multisystem clinical spectrum. The visual pathway is prone …

Craniofacial anomalies contribute to one third of all congenital deformities, and are often
observed with syndromic genetic conditions such as Crouzon or Treacher-Collins syndrome …

Crouzon syndrome exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, in the aetiology of
which genetics play an important role. FGFR2 mediates extracellular signals into cells and …

During embryonic development, organs undergo distinct and programmed morphological
changes as they develop into their functional forms. While genetics and biochemical signals …

Neurons in the brain must establish a balanced network of excitatory and inhibitory
synapses during development for the brain to function properly. An imbalance between …

Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial conditions treated by neurologic
and plastic surgeons. In addition to disfigurement, children with craniosynostosis experience …

Purpose Premature closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) has been
associated with midface hypoplasia in animal models and patients with specific forms of …

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is a critical component of midfacial and cranial
base growth. Premature closure has been associated with midface hypoplasia in animal …

Craniosynostosis has a varied clinical spectrum, ranging from isolated single suture
involvement to multisutural fusions. Syndromic and nonsyndromic patients require …