The signalling system known as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is believed to be
required for several biological activities involving cell proliferation. The serine-threonine …

Simple Summary The regulation of hypoxia has recently emerged as having a central impact
in mitochondrial function and dysfunction in various diseases, including the major disorders …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease
characterized by myelin damage followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss. The …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and tightly regulated process that plays an
important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves regulation of various genes …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide. Along
with apoptosis and inflammation, autophagy is one of three important mechanisms in CRC …

Dynamic reciprocity between cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and tumor
cells occurs primarily through the interaction of soluble signals, ie, cytokines produced by …

Autophagy is a ubiquitous degradation mechanism, which plays a critical role in cellular
homeostasis. To test whether autophagy suppresses or supports the growth of tumors in the …

Simple Summary Cells experience various stress conditions, including replicative stress,
oxidative stress, toxin-induced damage, and pathogen exposure. The tumor suppressor p53 …

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that regulates cellular
metabolism and homeostasis under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Autophagy …

Autophagy is a critical cellular adaptive response in tumor formation. Nutritional deficiency
and hypoxia exacerbate autophagic flux in established malignancies, promoting tumor cell …