The cytoplasm is densely packed with molecules that contribute to its nonideal behavior.
Cytosolic crowding influences chemical reaction rates, intracellular water mobility, and …

All living cells are crowded with macromolecules. Crowding can directly modulate
biochemical reactions to various degrees depending on the sizes, shapes, and binding …

Dynamic phase transitions are important in living organisms for sustaining their adaptive
structures and functions. The design of artificial dynamic systems using light as a …

Over the past decades, there has been a flourishing of phase-separated polymer gels.
Unlike traditional design methods that rely on chemical structure and polymer network …

Massively parallel genetic screens have been used to map sequence-to-function
relationships for a variety of genetic elements. However, because these approaches only …

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) use their unique molecular properties and
conformational plasticity to interact with cellular partners in a wide variety of biological …

The Polycomb Group (PcG) complex PRC1 represses transcription, forms condensates in
cells, and modifies chromatin architecture. These processes are connected through the …

Transport through the NPC relies on intrinsically disordered FG-Nups forming a selective
barrier. Away from the NPC, FG-Nups readily form condensates and aggregates, and we …

Carbon acquisition, assimilation and storage in eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria
occur in multiple compartments that have been characterised by the location of the enzymes …

Cellular biomolecular condensates, termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, are often
enriched in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules relative to the surrounding cytoplasm. Yet …