IL-4 has long been established as a key regulator of Th cells and for promoting effective B
cell survival and isotype class switching. Yet, despite having been extensively studied, the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus
responsible for a pandemic that causes asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic infection in most …

Methods for the analysis of cell secretions at the single-cell level only provide
semiquantitative endpoint readouts. Here we describe a microwell array for the real-time …

Aging negatively affects B cell production, resulting in a decrease in B-1 and B-2 cells and
impaired antibody responses. Age-related B cell subsets contribute to inflammation …

Nearly all chronic human infections are associated with alterations in the memory B cell
(MBC) compartment, including a large expansion of CD19hiT-bethi MBC in the peripheral …

Background Lymphocyte differentiation is regulated by coordinated actions of cytokines and
signaling pathways. IL-21 activates STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 and is fundamental for the …

Plasma cells provide high-affinity antibodies against invading pathogens. Although
transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms have been extensively studied for plasma cell …

BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is the crucial cause in the pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is mainly related to lymphocytes (T or B cells, incl …

Histone modifiers are essential for the ability of immune cells to reprogram their gene
expression during differentiation. The recruitment of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L …

The humoral immune response requires coordination of molecular programs to mediate
differentiation into unique B cell subsets that help clear the infection and form immune …