Animal models have historically played a critical role in the exploration and characterization
of disease pathophysiology and target identification and in the evaluation of novel …

Objective: The need of today's research is to develop successful and reliable diabetic animal
models for understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Enormous success …

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a serious problem in the United States. An unidentified
agent was cultured from the stool of an infant who presented with FUO. This virus showed …

The paucity of microbiome studies at intestinal tissues has contributed to a yet limited
understanding of potential viral and bacterial cofactors of colorectal cancer (CRC) …

Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis,
encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis–like disseminated encephalomyelitis. Recently, a …

Abstract Purpose of Review Hyperexpression of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules in
insulin-containing islets has become a widely accepted hallmark of type 1 diabetes …

There is a consensus among epidemiologists that the worldwide incidence rate of type 1
diabetes has been rising in recent decades. The cause of this rise is unknown, but …

Simple Summary Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive complication of diabetes leading to
vision loss. About one in three diabetic patients has some degree of diabetic retinopathy …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the innate immune system play a key role in sensing and
eliminating microbial infections. Interactions between TLRs and their ligands expressed by …

▪ Abstract Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the patient's immune system
destroys the insulin-secreting β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A majority of …