Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

The complex microenvironment in which malignant tumor cells grow is crucial for cancer
progression. The physical and biochemical characteristics of this niche are involved in …

Reproduction of different tissues using scaffolds and materials is a major element in
regenerative medicine. The regeneration of whole organs with decellularized extracellular …

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research.
They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional …

Mechanotransduction is the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues from its
microenvironment and convert them into biochemical signals to elicit adaptive transcriptional …

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is widely used in regenerative medicine as a
scaffold material due to its unique biological activity and good biocompatibility. Hydrogel is a …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

The most common three-dimensional (3D) printing method is material extrusion, where a pre-
made filament is deposited layer-by-layer. In recent years, low-cost polycaprolactone (PCL) …

The tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in tumor progression and drug
resistance. Previous studies have shown that breast tissue-derived matrices could be an …

As life expectancy improves and the number of people suffering from various diseases
increases, the need for developing effective personalized disease models is rapidly rising …