Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer
of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming …

Abstract Hypoxia‑ischemia (H‑I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other
diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and …

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms
behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are
the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. During the development
of cardiovascular diseases, hypoxia plays a crucial role. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are …

Background Endothelial cell (EC) injury accelerates the progression of diabetic
macrovascular complications. Hypoxia is an important cause of EC injury. Hypoxia-inducible …

Renal anaemia is a common and important complication in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). The current standard‐of‐care treatment for renal anaemia in CKD patients …

Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects
the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From …

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of vascular diseases that severely threats the human
health due to the lack of efficient therapeutic methods. During the development and progress …