▪ Abstract: This review article describes anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment
of intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them …

High-temperature hyperthermia or thermal therapy is being applied for destruction of
cancerous tissue, eradication or reduction of benign tumours and targeted tissue …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …

An estimated 40% of chronic lumbosacral spinal pain is attributed to the discus
intervertebralis. Degenerative changes following loss of hydration of the nucleus pulposus …

Background: Available evidence documents a wide degree of variance in the definition and
practice of interventional pain management. Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical …

Background: Discogenic low back is a distinct clinic entity characterized by pain arising from
a damaged disc. The diagnosis is clouded by the controversy surrounding discography. The …

Diagnosis and treatment of lumbar discogenic pain due to internal disc disruption (IDD)
remains a challenge. It accounts for 39% of patients with low back pain. The mechanism of …

Systematic review of the effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low
back pain - Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews …

▪ Abstract Introduction: We report an internal validation of the Medication Quantification
Scale (MQS III) using a chronic pain population. The MQS was designed as a methodology …

Background. Intradiscal radiofrequency, with the electrode placed in the center of the
nucleus pulposus, has been a controversial procedure in patients with discogenic pain …